Ifesan B (2014) Investigation of antioxidant and antimicrobial properties of garlic peel extract ( Allium sativum) and its use as natural food additive in cooked beef. Havsteen BH (2002) The biochemistry and medicinal significance of flavonoids. Hashem MA, Hasan MA, Islam IMM, Arman MN, Sheikh MHR (2021) Ficus hispida leaf paste for goatskin preservation: pollution reduction in tannery wastewater. Hashem MA, Momen M, Hasan M (2018) Leaf paste aided goat skin preservation: Significant chloride reduction in tannery. Hashem MA, Arman MN, Sheikh MHR, Islam MM (2017) Sodium chloride substitute for lower salt goat skin preservation: a novel approach. Edition: 20 th Publisher: American Public Health Association Medical Microbiol 8:768–769Įaton A, Clesceri L, Greenberg A, Franson M (1985) Standard methods for the examination of water and wastewater. Oxid Med Cell Longev 2012:907162Ĭruickshank R (1965) Medical microbiology a guide to the laboratory diagnosis and control of infection. J Soc Leather Tech Chem 58:25Ĭolín-González AL, Santana RA, Silva-Islas CA, Chánez-Cárdenas ME, Santamaría A, Maldonado PD (2012) The antioxidant mechanisms underlying the aged garlic extract- and S-allylcysteine-induced protection. Curr Sci 87:1536–1554Ĭooper DR, Galloway AC, Woods DR (1974) The collagenolytic activity of the cured skin. J Membr Sci 181(1):111–126Ĭhaturvedi VC, Shrivastava R, Upreti RK (2004) Vital infections and trace elements: a complex interaction. Standards BIS (1971) Chemical Testing of Leather 2:80Ĭassano A, Molinari R, Romano M, Drioli E (2001) Treatment of aqueous effluents of the leather industry by membrane processes: a review. Avicenna J Phytomed 4(1):1–14īenítez V, Mollá E, Martín-Cabreja MA, López-Andréu JF, Downes K, Terry LA, Esteban RM (2011) Study of bioactive compound content in different onion sections. JALCA 107:363–370īayan L, Koulivand PH, Gorji A (2014) Garlic: a review of potential therapeutic effects. Int J Curr Adv Res 7(10):21158–21161īabu NKC, Karthikeyan R, Swarna B, Ramesh R, Shanthi C, Sadulla S (2012) A systematic study on the role of chilling temperatures on the curing efficacy of hides and skins. Asian Food Sci J 3(4):1–9Īhmed S, Zohra FT, Sarker A, Hashem MA (2015) Short term preservation of goat skin with indigenous Azadirachta indica leaf to reduce pollution load in leather processing. Hence, this cleaner curing technique helps in reducing the TDS and chlorides in the effluent, thus controlling the pollution caused by tanneries through sustainable leather processing.Ībdulkadir F, Musa M, Dalhat M (2018) Nutritional composition and phytochemical analysis of aqueous extract of Allium cepa (Onion) and Allium sativum (Garlic). Skins that remained in good condition for 14 days were further processed into leather and properties were examined which were found comparable to the conventionally cured skins. Estimation of hydroxyproline (HP) release, moisture content and microbial load were carried out at regular intervals. Sensory evaluation of the preserved skin was done by assessing different parameters like hair slip, putrefaction and odour. Different concentrations of salt in combination with garlic peel and white onion peel were applied on freshly flayed goat skins based on its green weight and compared to control (40% salt). In an attempt to reduce the TDS and chlorides, phyto-based preservation using garlic peel ( Allium sativum) and white onion peel ( Allium cepa) was carried out. Normally preservation is carried out using common salt (NaCl), which is discharged in the soak liquor contributing to ~ 70%, of total dissolved solids (TDS) load of entire leather manufacturing. Preservation or curing of hides/skins is performed as the primary step of leather processing to conserve them from putrefaction.
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